What does homeostasis refer to in biological terms?

Homeostasis refers to the internal equilibrium maintained by the body, ensuring that various physiological parameters remain stable despite changes in the external environment. This concept is crucial for survival, as it involves the regulation of temperature, pH levels, hydration, and other vital functions. The body employs multiple systems, such as the nervous and endocrine systems, to continuously monitor and adjust these parameters.

For instance, when you exercise, your body temperature rises. To maintain homeostasis, mechanisms like sweating and increased blood flow to the skin kick in to dissipate excess heat. Similarly, if blood sugar levels increase after a meal, the body releases insulin to help lower them back to a normal range. Thus, the focus of homeostasis is to preserve a balanced internal state that enables optimal functioning of biological processes.